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Job Chapter
Nine
New King James Version (NKJV)
INTRODUCTION TO JOB 9
This
and the following chapter contain Job's answer to Bildad, and in this he
asserts the strict justice at God; which is such, that no man can be just in
his sight, not being able to answer to one charge, or for one sin, of a
thousand he is guilty of, Job 9:1; and that
such are his wisdom and power, that the most daring man cannot expect to
succeed in an opposition to him, Job 9:4; instances
are given of his power in the works of nature and providence, Job 9:5; notice is
taken of the imperceptibleness of his actions and motions, and of his
sovereignty in all his ways, Job 9:11; and of
his fierce wrath and anger, which is such as obliges the proudest of men to
stoop under him; and therefore Job chose not to contend in a judicial way with
him, but in a suppliant manner would entreat him, since his hand was so heavy
upon him, Job 9:13; he
affirms, in direct opposition to Bildad and his friends, and insists upon it,
that God afflicts both the righteous and the wicked; yea, gives the earth to
the latter when he slays the former, Job 9:22; he then
observes the shortness of his days, and complains of his heavy afflictions, Job 9:25; and
concludes, that it was in vain for him to expect his cause to be heard before
God, there being no daysman between them; and wishes that the dread of the
Divine Majesty might be taken from him, and then he would freely and without
fear speak unto him, Job 9:29.
Job 9:1 Then
Job answered and said:
YLT
1And Job answereth and
saith: --
Then Job answered and said. Without taking notice of
Bildad's harsh expressions and severe censures, or his unfriendliness to him;
he enters directly into the argument, grants some things, confutes others, and
defends himself and his conduct.
Job 9:2 2 “Truly I know it is
so, But how can a man be righteous before God?
YLT
2Truly I have known that [it
is] so, And what -- is man righteous with God?
I know it is so of a truth,.... That is, that God is
just, and does not pervert justice and judgment, as Bildad had observed, Job 8:3; Job was a
man of great natural parts and capacity; he had a large share of knowledge of
things, natural, civil, and moral; and he was a good man, in whom the true
light of grace shined; and being, enlightened by the spirit of wisdom and
revelation, in the knowledge of divine things, he knew much of God, of his
being and perfections, and of the methods of his grace, especially in the
justification of men, as appears by various passages in this chapter; he knew
that God was just and holy in all his ways and works, whether of providence or
grace; and this he kept in sight amidst all his afflictions, and was ready to
acknowledge it: he knew this "of a truth"; that is, most certainly;
for there are some truths that are so plain and evident that a man may be
assured of, and this was such an one with Job; he had no need to be instructed
in this article; he was as knowing in this point, as well as in others, as
Bildad or any of his friends; nor did he need to be sent to the ancients to
inquire of them, or to prepare himself for the search of the fathers, in order
to acquire the knowledge of this, to which Bildad had advised; yet, though this
was so clear a point, about which there was no room for further contest; but
then the matter is:
how should man be just with God? if not angels, if not
man in his best estate, in which he was vanity when compared with God; then
much less frail, feeble, mortal, sinful men, even the best of men, considered
in themselves, and with respect to their own righteousness: for, to "be
just" is not to be so through an infusion of righteousness and holiness
into men, which in the best of men is their sanctification and not their
justification; but this is a legal term, and stands opposed to condemnation,
and signifies a man's being condemned and pronounced righteous in a judiciary
way; so a man cannot be adjudged, reckoned, or accounted by God upon the foot
of works of righteousness done by him; since his best works are imperfect, not
answerable to the law, but very defective, and so not justifying; are opposite
to the grace of God, by which, in an evangelic sense, men are justified; these
would encourage boasting, which is excluded in God's way of justifying sinners;
and could justification be by them, the death of Christ would be in vain, and
there would have been no need of him and his justifying righteousness:
especially, it is a certain thing, that a man can never be "just", or
"justified with God", in such a way, or through any righteousness
wrought out by him; that is, either he is not and cannot be just in comparison
of God; for, if the inhabitants of the heavens are not pure in his sight, the
holy angels; and if man, at his best estate, was altogether vanity when
compared with him, what must sinful mortals be? or not be just at his bar;
should he mark their iniquities, enter into judgment with them, or an action
against them, summon them before him to answer to charges he has to exhibit;
they could not stand before him, or go off acquitted or discharged: or in his
account; for his judgment is according to truth; he can never reckon that a
perfect righteousness which is an imperfect one: or in his sight; for, though
men may be just in comparison of others, or at an human bar, in an human court
of judicature, and in the account of men, and in their sight, to whom they may
appear outwardly righteous, as well as in their own sight; yet not in the sight
of God, who sees all things, the heart and all in it, every action, and the
spring of it; see Psalm 143:2 Romans 3:20; in
this sense, a man can only be just with God through the imputation of the righteousness
of Christ, accounting that to him, putting it upon him, and clothing him with
it, and so reckoning and pronouncing him righteous through it; and which is
entirely consistent with the justice of God, since by it the law is fulfilled,
magnified, and made honourable, and justice satisfied; so that God is just,
while he is the justifier of him that believes in Jesus, Romans 3:26.
Job 9:3 3 If one wished to contend
with Him, He could not answer Him one time out of a thousand.
YLT
3If he delight to strive
with Him -- He doth not answer him one of a thousand.
If he will contend with him,.... If God will contend
with man, so Sephorno; enter into a controversy with him, litigate and dispute
the point in law, whether he is just or not, man cannot answer to the
allegations he will produce; or if man should contend with God, a potsherd
strive with its maker, to what purpose would it be? he could never avail himself
by such a procedure; the match is unequal, there is no striving or contending
with God in a judicial, way:
he cannot answer him one of a thousand; which some
understand, that God will not answer men; he will not vouchsafe to give an
answer to such that plead with him, or talk with him of his judgments in
providence, or pretend to vindicate themselves, their ways, and their works,
before him; but this sense seems contrary to Jeremiah 12:1; but
the meaning is, that man cannot answer God; either not one man out of a
thousand, that is, none at all; unless, by one of a thousand, is meant the
interpreter, one among a thousand, even the Messiah, the chiefest among ten
thousand; the one man of a thousand Solomon found upon search; see Job 33:23; he
indeed has made himself responsible for his people, as their surety, and was
able to answer for them; and he has answered for them, and made satisfaction
for their sins; it was exacted, or required, that is, a full payment of their
debts, or a plenary satisfaction for their sins, "and he answered",
according to Isaiah 53:7; but
rather the sense is, that a man cannot answer, either one time of a thousandF21אחת מני אלף
"una vice ex millibus", Schmidt. , or one argument to one article
exhibited, or to one objection or charge of a thousand brought against him by
the law or justice of God; that is, for one sin of a thousand he has committed;
so Mr. Broughton renders it, "to one thing of a thousand"F23"Ad
rem unam ex mille", Beza; "ad unum argumentum ex mille
argumentis", Vatablus; so Castalio, Bar Tzemach. ; this suggests that the
sins of men are numerous; their debts are many, they are more than ten thousand
talents, which they are not able to answer to, or pay off, no, not one of them;
their iniquities are more than the hairs of their head, they cannot be
understood or reckoned: and now a man cannot answer for one of a thousand, or
the millions of sins he is guilty of; he cannot deny them, he cannot excuse
them, he cannot make satisfaction for anyone of them; they are committed
against an infinite Being, and require an infinite satisfaction, which man
cannot give; they are violations of a law, and injuries to divine justice, that
no man is able to atone for; whatever obedience he is capable of, or does
perform, God has a prior right unto it, and therefore can never answer for
former transgressions; this being the case, sinful man cannot be just with God
upon the foot of his works, which is the thing this observation is made to
illustrate: man's obedience is so short, and God's commandment or law so very
broad, that these two can never be brought to meet, agree together, or answer
to one another; and therefore it may be strongly concluded that a man is
justified, if ever he is justified at all, in the sight of God, by faith in
Christ and his righteousness, without the deeds of the law, Romans 3:28.
Job 9:4 4 God is
wise in heart and mighty in strength. Who has hardened himself against
Him and prospered?
YLT
4Wise in heart and strong in
power -- Who hath hardened toward Him and is at peace?
He is wise in heart,....
Originally, essentially, truly, really, and perfectly so; he is the only, and
the all wise God; his understanding is infinite; he is able to traverse all the
schemes of men, in things civil or religious, and disappoint all their devices;
for though there be ever so many of them, or be ever so deeply laid, the
counsel of the Lord, that shall stand; for there is no wisdom, understanding,
or counsel against him; and therefore it is in vain to contend with him: he is
so wise and knowing, that he sees and knows all that is in man, or is done by
him, whether in public or in private; there is not a thought in his heart, nor
a word on his tongue, nor an action in his life and conversation, but what he
is thoroughly acquainted with; and everyone of these he will bring into
judgment: how therefore is it possible that sinful men should be just in the
sight of such a wise and holy Being, upon the score of his own righteousness?
and mighty in strength; he is the most mighty;
he is the Almighty; he has a mighty arm and strong hand; and unless a man had a
strong arm like him, his own right hand can never save him, or his own
righteousness justify him; wherefore, to what purpose is it for a feeble man to
contend and strive with him? and since he is not a man, as he is, how should
they come together in judgment? and what a vain thing must it he to set a time
for it, since, if we speak of strength, lo, he is strong? see Job 9:19,
who hath hardened himself against him, and hath prospered? either by
behaving proudly and insolently to him, as Pharaoh, Sennacherib, and others, by
speaking hard words against him, as the Jews in the times of Malachi; and such
hard speeches ungodly sinners utter against God, Christ, his Gospel,
ordinances, people, ways, and worship, of which they will be convinced, and for
which they will be condemned at the last judgment; and by bold and daring acts
of sin, running upon the thick bosses of his buckler, giving themselves up to
commit all uncleanness with greediness, and making a covenant with hell and an
agreement with death, and so think themselves safe and secure at all events;
but such never prospered and succeeded as they promised themselves, but came to
ruin and destruction: or "had peace"F24וישלם
"et pacem habuit", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus, Bolducius; "et pace
frueretur", Cocceius. , or "found quietness", as Mr. Broughton:
there is no peace to wicked men, true, solid peace, either here or hereafter;
when they cry "Peace", or promise themselves much of it, destruction
comes; and if God sets home the guilt of sin upon their consciences, the lead
of it is intolerable; it sinks them into despair, and what then will be the
worm that dieth not?
Job 9:5 5 He removes the mountains,
and they do not know When He overturns them in His anger;
YLT
5Who is removing mountains,
And they have not known, Who hath overturned them in His anger.
Which removeth the mountains,.... This and what follow
are instances of the power of God, and are full proofs of his being mighty in
strength; and may be understood, either literally, not only of what God is able
to do if he will, but of what he has done; and historyF25Plin. Nat.
Hist. l. 2. c. 83. Wernerus, Palmerius, Theophanes "a aurus", in
Bolduc. in loc. furnishes us with instances of mountains being removed from one
place to another; and ScheuchzerF26Physic. Sacr. vol. 4. p. 673.
makes mention of a village in Helvetia, called Plurium, which, in 1618, was
covered with the sudden fall of a mountain, and swallowed up in the earth, with
1800 inhabitants, and not the least trace of it to be seen any more; and in the
sacred Scriptures is a prediction of the mount of Olives being removed from its
place, one half to the north and the other to the south, Zechariah 14:4; and
JosephusF1Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 4. gives a relation much like
it, as in fact; besides, Job may have respect to what had been done in his
times, or before them, and particularly at the universal deluge, which covered
the tops of the highest mountains and hills, and very probably washed away some
from their places: or else it may be understood proverbially, of the Lord's
doing things marvellous and surprising, and which are impossible and
impracticable with men; see Matthew 17:20; or
rather figuratively, of kingdoms and mighty kings, as the Targum, comparable to
mountains for their height and strength, who yet are removed by God at his
pleasure; see Zechariah 4:7,
and they know not; when they are removed, and how it is done;
it is imperceptible; either the mountains are not sensible of it, or the
inhabitants of the mountains, as Bar Tzemach; or men, the common sort of men,
the multitude, as Gersom: R. Saadiah Gaon interprets it of removing the men of
the mountains, and they know it not:
which overturneth them in his anger; for the sins or men,
which was the case of the old world: Mr. Broughton renders it, "that men
cannot mark how he hath removed them out of their place in his anger".
Job 9:6 6 He shakes the earth out of
its place, And its pillars tremble;
YLT
6Who is shaking earth from
its place, And its pillars move themselves.
Which shaketh the earth out of her place,.... Can do
it, and will do it at the last day, when it shall be utterly broken down, clean
dissolved, and reel to and fro like a drunkard, and be removed as a cottage,
and which John in a vision saw flee away from the presence of him that sat upon
the throne, Isaiah 24:19; for
this cannot be understood of earthquakes in common, which are only partial, and
do not remove the earth out of its place, only shake some parts of it; and this
may also refer to the time of the flood, when the earth received some change
and alteration in its situation, as Mr. Burnet in his Theory of the Earth
observes; and the Apostle Peter suggests something of this kind, when he
distinguishes the present earth from the former, which he says stood out of the
water and in it, but the present earth not so, but is reserved for fire, 2 Peter 3:5,
and the pillars thereof tremble; the centre or lower
parts of it, see Psalm 75:3.
Job 9:7 7 He commands the sun, and
it does not rise; He seals off the stars;
YLT
7Who is speaking to the sun,
and it riseth not, And the stars He sealeth up.
Which commandeth the sun, and it riseth not,.... Either he
could do it if he would, by a word speaking, as he ordered it to stand still in
the times of Joshua, Joshua 10:13, and
caused the shadow to return ten degrees it had gone back in the dial of Ahaz,
in the times of Hezekiah, 2 Kings 20:11; or
else the sense is, it rises not at any other time and place but when and where
he commands it; or he commands it not to rise in the same place at one time of
the year as at another, and it rises not; or this may be understood of
eclipses, or of its being covered with clouds in tempestuous weather for a
considerable time together, when it seems as if it was not risen: some think
this respects the three days' darkness in Egypt, when the Israelites were
there, Exodus 10:22, which
was a little before, or about the time of Job; or rather it refers to the
general flood, in the times of Noah, when it rained forty days and forty
nights, Genesis 7:12,
during which time the sun appeared not, and so seemed as if it was not risen;
see Amos 8:9; HerodotusF2Euterpe,
sive, l. 2. c. 149. relates, from the memoirs of the Egyptians, that the sun
rose four times out of its usual course; twice it rose where it now sets, and
twice it set where it now rises:
and sealeth up the stars: either by the light of
the sun in the daytime, which hides them that they are not visible, or by dark
clouds and tempestuous weather in the night; such a season as that was in which
the Apostle Paul and the mariners with him were, when neither sun nor stars
appeared for many days, Acts 27:20, and so
the Targum paraphrases it, and"sealeth up the stars with clouds;'this may
also refer to the time of the flood, during the rain of forty days and nights, Genesis 7:4; or to
the annual motion of the sun through the ecliptic, which makes the point of the
sun's rising and setting vary, and is the reason why some stars appear in
summer and are sealed up in winter, and others that are seen in winter are not
visible in summer; and so Cocceius interprets it.
Job 9:8 8 He alone spreads out the
heavens, And treads on the waves of the sea;
YLT
8Stretching out the heavens
by Himself, And treading on the heights of the sea,
Which alone spreadeth out the heavens,.... The
expanse, or what we commonly translate "firmament"; but has its name
in the Hebrew language from its being expanded, spread, and stretched out, over
the earth and all around it; and seems chiefly to design the ether or
atmosphere, which is a fine thin matter and substance spread around us, and
which is sometimes spread with clouds; this is said to be stretched out like a
curtain and a tent to dwell in, tents being made of curtains spread out, Isaiah 40:21; and
the allusion may be to a military tent, the pavilion of a general of an army,
as Pineda observes, from whence Jehovah plays his artillery upon his enemies,
thunder, lightning, hailstones, and coals of fire; see Psalm 18:11; this
respects not so much the first creation, or spreading of the air or the
heavens, as the continuance thereof; God continues to spread them, or to keep
them spread, that they may not be rolled up as a scroll; or folded up as a
garment, as they will be, Hebrews 1:12; and
this he does alone, without the help of any creature, angels or men; any piece
of tapestry or carpet, that is large, is not easily spread alone; but what
power must the vast expanse of the heavens require, to be spread alone and
continued so? nothing less than infinite; see Isaiah 44:24; some
render it, "which boweth the heavens"F3נטה
שמים "inclinat coelum", Piscator. , as the
same word is rendered in Psalm 18:9; which
he does when he fills them with clouds, so that they seem to hang low, and to
be inclined towards the earth:
and treadeth upon the waves of the seaF4על במתי ים
"super excelsa maris", Pagninus, Montanus, &c. "summitates
maris", Tigurine version; "celsos vertices maris", Schultens. ;
which he did at the first creation, when the waters that covered the face of
the earth were, by his order, collected into one place, and there shut up, and
restrained from overflowing the earth; and which restraint, as it is an act of
power over them, is designed by treading upon them, and a continued act may be
the rather meant here; see Genesis 1:8; and
when the waves of it are lifted up as high as they sometimes are, by strong and
stormy winds, the Lord on high is mightier than they, he treads upon them and
represses them; he rules their raging, stills their noise, and makes them
smooth, calm, and quiet, Psalm 65:7; this
none but God can do: the Egyptian hieroglyphic of doing a thing impossible was
a man's walking upon waterF5Orus Apollo, apud Bolduc. ; the Heathens
chose not to describe even their god of the sea, Neptune, by walking on it, as
being too great for him, but by swimmingF6Cicero de Natura Deorum,
l. 2. ; of Christ's walking upon the sea, see Matthew 14:25; it
may be rendered, "the high places of the sea": the waves of it, when
mounted to a great height by the wind; so Mr. Broughton, "the high waves
of the sea", see Psalm 107:25; there
is a copy, as the lesser Massorah observes, which reads, "upon the high
places of the cloud"F7"Legitur et" עב "pro" ים i.e.
"super excelsas nubes", Vatablus. , see Isaiah 14:14; and
Gersom interprets these high places, of the heavens, and of God's giving rain
from thence.
Job 9:9 9 He made the Bear, Orion,
and the Pleiades, And the chambers of the south;
YLT
9Making Osh, Kesil, and
Kimah, And the inner chambers of the south.
Which maketh Arcturus,.... By which is meant
not a single star, but a collection of stars, as Bar Tzemach and Ben Melech, a
constellation; hence we read of Arcturus and his sons, Job 38:32. Aben
Ezra understands it of the seven stars, but these are thought to be meant by
the Pleiades, later mentioned; this constellation is about the Arctic or
northern pole, in the tail of the Bear, appears in the beginning of September,
and brings stormy weather, when winter is at handF8Sophoclis
Oedipus, Tyran. ver. 1147. :
Orion and Pleiades; the former of these also is not a single
star, but a constellation; by the help of a telescope no less than two thousand
are numbered, and in Hebrew it is called "Cesil"; hence the month
"Cisleu" has its name, which answers to part of November and part of
December, at which time this constellation is seen, and is attended with stormy
weather; hence Virgil calls it Nimbosus OrionF9Aeneid. l. 1. Vid.
Horat. Carmin. l. 3. Ode 27. Epod. 15. : and the latter are what we call the
Seven Stars, sometimes by writers called Vergiliae, because they appear in the
spring; and have their name of Pleiades from sailing, because at this time of
year mariners go out with their ships; though some say this constellation is
not favourable to them, causing rains and tempestsF11"----pleiadum
choro Scindente nubes". Horat. Carmin. l. 4. Ode 14. ; these three divide
the whole year:
and the chambers of the south: the stars in the southern
hemisphere, about the Antarctic, or southern pole; and called
"chambers", as Aben Ezra observes, because hidden, and are not seen
by those in the other hemisphere, as if they were in a chamber: now the making
of these is rightly ascribed to God, who made all the stars, Genesis 1:16;
though this may rather regard the continuance of them in their being, who calls
them by name, brings out their host by number, directs their course, keeps them
in their orbs, and preserves their influence.
Job 9:10 10 He does great things past
finding out, Yes, wonders without number.
YLT
10Doing great things till
there is no searching, And wonderful, till there is no numbering.
Which doth great things past finding out,.... In heaven
and earth; great as to quantity and quality, not to be thoroughly searched out
so as to tell their numbers, nor explain and express the nature of them to the
full; even what he has done, and does in creation, providence, and grace:
yea, and wonders without number; such as are amazing to
men, who cannot account for them, and so many that they cannot number them. The
same things are said by Eliphaz; see Gill on Job 5:9; and which
Job here repeats, to show that he agreed with him, and was ready to own what
was truth, whenever expressed by him or his friends, and especially such as
made for the glory of the Divine Being.
Job 9:11 11 If He goes by me, I do not
see Him; If He moves past, I do not perceive Him;
YLT
11Lo, He goeth over by me,
and I see not, And He passeth on, and I attend not to it.
Lo, he goeth by me, and I see him not,.... This is
expressive of the invisibility of God; for though the angels in heaven always
behold his face, and men, in the works of creation, may see his eternal power
and Godhead, and other perfections of it displayed therein; and saints by faith
have a comfortable and delightful view of him, of his countenance, his love,
grace and mercy in his word and ordinances, and especially in the face and
person of Christ, the image of the invisible God, and will in heaven most
clearly see him as he is, in the greater display of his glory and his grace;
yet his essence is invisible, not only not to be seen with corporeal eyes, but
not to be comprehended in the mind:
he passeth on also, but I perceive him not; this
"going and passing on", as, ascribed to God, must be
understood in consistence with his omnipresence; he cannot be thought to move
from place to place who is everywhere, who fills heaven and earth with his
presence, and there is no going from it: local motion cannot be said of him;
but this respects the operations of his providence; he is continually working
all around us, by supporting us in being, and supplying us with what we want,
and so is near us, and yet we see him not: Job experienced the bounties of his
providence, as well as the blessings of his grace, in the time of his prosperity,
and now he felt the weight of his afflicting hand upon him; but yet, as to his
essence, he could not see him; he was sensible that he was nigh him, and find a
concern in all that befell him, but he could neither see nor comprehend him,
nor account for his dealings with him: he had "passed by" him in his
state of nature, and had looked graciously on him, and had said unto him, Live;
he had "passed on" from him, and hid his face so that he could not
see him, nor find him backward nor forward, on the right hand, nor on the left,
where he used to work, see Job 23:3.
Job 9:12 12 If He takes away, who can
hinder Him? Who can say to Him, ‘What are You doing?’
YLT
12Lo, He snatches away, who
bringeth it back? Who saith unto Him, `What dost Thou?'
Behold, he taketh away,.... There are some
things God never takes away from his people; he never takes away his love from
them, he always rests in that towards them, let them be in what condition they
will; he never takes away his grace from them, when once bestowed on them, or
wrought in them; he never takes away his special gifts of grace, particularly
the unspeakable gift of his son Christ Jesus, which is that good part, when
chosen, which shall not be taken away; nor any of the spiritual blessings
wherewith they are blessed in Christ; these are irreversible and irrevocable:
but temporal blessings he takes away at pleasure; so he had taken away the
children, the servants of Job, his substance, wealth, and riches, and also his
bodily health, to which he may have a particular respect; yea, when it pleases
him, he takes a man out of the world, as the Targum and Gersom interpret it:
who can hinder him? he does what he pleases in heaven and
earth; his will is irresistible, his power is uncontrollable; there is no
turning his mind, nor staying his hand, nor turning it back; when he works,
none can let or hinder. Mr. Broughton translates it, "who shall make him
restore?"F12So Beza, Pagninus, Montanus, Bolducius, Junius
& Tremellius, Cocceius. if a man takes away what he has no right to, he may
be obliged by law to restore it; but whatever God takes away he has a right
unto, be it relations and friends, health or wealth; if he pleases he can
restore, and does; and as he did to Job, to whom he after gave twice as much as
he had before; but then he is not obliged to do it, none can force him to it:
who will say unto him, what doest thou? not one that
knows what God is, or that knows himself a creature of his; no person will
choose or dare to ask what God does, or why he does this and not another thing,
or why this in the manner he does it; for he gives no account of his matters to
the sons of men, nor is he obliged to it, and it would be insolent in them to
require it, see Job 33:13; this
expresses his sovereignty.
Job 9:13 13 God will not withdraw His
anger, The allies of the proud[a] lie
prostrate beneath Him.
YLT
13God doth not turn back His
anger, Under Him bowed have proud helpers.
If God will not withdraw his
anger,.... Or "God will not withdraw his anger"F13אלוה לא ישיב
אפו "Deus non revocabit furorem suum",
Pagninus, Beza. ; he is angry, or at least seems to be angry with his own
people, in their apprehension, when he afflicts them and hides his face from
them, or does not immediately appear to their relief and assistance; but this
does not always last, he does not retain or keep anger for ever; but shows
great mercies to them, and with everlasting kindness has mercy on them, by
discovering his love to them, applying his pardoning grace and mercy, and
comforting them with the consolations of his spirit; but then he is angry with
the wicked every day, for their continual transgressions; and he never
withdraws his anger from them, neither here nor hereafter, but punishes them
with everlasting destruction, and casts them into everlasting fire, to which
his wrath and anger are compared: the consequence of which is:
the proud helpers do stoop under him; or "the
helpers of pride"F14עזרי רהב "adjutores superbiae", Montanus, Vatablus,
Drusius, Junius & Tremellius, Schmidt, Michaelis. , or helpers of proud
men; proud, wicked, and ungodly men, who combine together and help one another
against God, his people, cause and interest; men of power, rule and government,
as Aben Ezra explains it; civil magistrates, men in authority, who, instead of
being terrors to evil doers, encourage them, and help them forward in their
wickedness; but though both those that help, and those that are helped, may
continue for a while, and be supported, yet they shall sooner or later fall
under the mighty hand of God, his power and wrath, and be crushed by it. Some
regard may be had either to the giants, the men of the old world, who filled
the earth with violence, and were swept away with the flood, Genesis 6:13; or
rather to the builders of Babel, who helped one another to build a tower to
make them a name, and secure themselves, and in opposition to God; but he being
angry with them, made them desist, and they bowed under him, Genesis 11:4. Some
render it, "the helpers of Rahab"; that is, of EgyptF15So
Jarchi. , Rahab being a name of Egypt, Psalm 87:4. The
devils are meant, whose sin was pride, and by which they fell, and which they
have endeavoured to promote and cherish among men; but these proud spirits are
cast out of heaven and into hell, where they are reserved in chains of darkness
to the great judgment, Judges 1:6; and are
obliged, whether they will or not, to stoop to the Lord, and even to the son of
God in human nature, which their proud stomachs cannot well bear; but are
forced to it, the anger of God lying upon them, and his wrath, which will never
be withdrawn from them.
Job 9:14 14 “How then can I answer
Him, And choose my words to reason with Him?
YLT
14How much less do I -- I
answer Him? Choose out my words with Him?
How much less shall I answer him,.... Who is wise in
heart, and mighty in strength, and has done and does the many things before
related; who is invisible, passes by, and onwards insensibly; so that there is
no knowing where to speak to him, or how to guard against him, since he can
come on on every side, at an unawares, and unseen; and who is a sovereign Being,
who can do, and does, whatever he pleases; and therefore there is no such thing
as disputing any point with him, or calling him to an account for anything done
by him: and if the great men of the earth, proud and haughty tyrants, and those
prouder spirits, if possible, the infernal principalities and powers, are
obliged to bend and stoop to him; how should such a poor, weak, feeble creature
as Job was, enter the lists with him, contend with God, and argue with him
about his dispensations, or answer to any argument, objection, charge, or
article exhibited against him? here Job speaks humbly and meanly of himself, as
he in the whole context before speaks highly of God, between whom there was no
comparison:
and choose out my words to
reason with him? suggesting, that should he pick out words the most fit and
proper to be used, and put them together in the most exact order, and which had
the greatest force of persuasion and strength of reasoning in them, yet they
would be of no avail with God; these could have no influence upon him to turn
his mind, or alter either his purposes or his providences; and therefore
concluded it was best for him to be silent and make no reply; but if he said
anything, to do it in a supplicating way, as follows.
Job 9:15 15 For though I were
righteous, I could not answer Him; I would beg mercy of my Judge.
YLT
15Whom, though I were
righteous, I answer not, For my judgment I make supplication.
Whom, though I were righteous, yet would I not answer,.... This is
not to be understood of the righteousness of his cause, that Job made no
supposition of, but strongly asserted and determined to hold it fast as long as
he lived; nor of his evangelic righteousness, the righteousness of faith he was
acquainted with, even the righteousness of his living Redeemer, by which he
knew he was, and should be, justified; and by which righteousness he could and
did answer God, as every believer may, who, making mention of this
righteousness, and of this only, such an one may plead the righteousness of Christ
with God as his justifying one, and hold it up against all charges brought
against him; yea, by presenting this to God by faith, he answers all the
demands of the law of God, both with respect to the precepts and penalty of it,
it being magnified and made honourable hereby, and all that the justice of God
can require, and with which it is entirely satisfied; yea, this righteousness
will answer to God for him in a time to come, in the last judgment: but Job
speaks of his own legal and civil righteousness, as a good man, and a good
magistrate; as the latter, he put on righteousness, and it clothed him; as the
former, having grace, the root of the matter, in him, as he calls it, it taught
him to live soberly, righteously, and godly; he was a man that feared God, and
eschewed evil; and his sense is, that though he should so well behave in every
respect, and so order his conversation aright before men that they could have
nothing to lay to his charge, yet he would not bring such a righteousness
before God, and pretend to answer him with it; for he knew that such a
righteousness is no righteousness in the sight of God, in the eye of his law,
and in the account of divine justice, being not only imperfect, but impure; not
only rags, but filthy ones, attended with many sins, as well as imperfections;
wherefore no good man will put his cause before God on such an issue, however
he may before men; nay, Job seems to carry this point yet further, that though
he had a sinless righteousness of his own, and were as righteous as Adam before
his fall, or the holy angels in heaven, yet he would not insist upon such a
righteousness before God, or pretend to answer him with it; for he knew that
the inhabitants of the heavens, and so man in his paradise on earth, in his
best estate, were not pure in his sight, but chargeable with folly and
imperfection, in comparison of him: and when he says he could not
"answer" him, his meaning is not that he would not answer to a
question that was asked him, but that he would not answer him in a judicial
way; that, if he should prefer a bill against him, he would not put in at
answer to it, though he knew nothing by himself, and could not charge himself
with anything wrong in thought, word, or deed; yet if God charged him with it,
he would not reply against him, he would not contradict him, he would not
answer again, or litigate the point with him, but give it up; because, though
he might not know he had done any thing amiss, or there was imperfection in
him, yet God, who was greater than his heart, and knows all things, is the
heart searching and rein trying God, he knew better than he did, and therefore
was determined to submit to him, and be set down by him what he was:
but I would make supplication
to my Judge: that is, to God, the Judge of the whole earth; and who is
particularly the Judge of his own people, their Patron and Defender, their
Judge and Lawgiver, who will save them; for though he is a just God, and a
righteous Judge, yet a Saviour; and it is one of the privileges of his people
that they can come to him, not only as the God of all grace, and as their God
and Father in Christ, but to him as to God the Judge of all, Hebrews 12:23; and
lay their case before him, and entreat his protection; and this Job chose to do
rather than contend with him; for by "supplication" prayer is meant,
as it frequently is in both Testaments; and it signifies such prayer as
consists of petitions for grace and mercy, or for things to be bestowed in a
way of grace and mercy; not according to merit, but mercy; not for works of
righteousness done, but through the favour and good will of God; and which
prayer is put up in an humble supplicant manner, acknowledging a man's
unworthiness, that he is not deserving of the least of mercies, nor expects any
on account of any worth or worthiness in him, or his services; and in such a
way a man prevails more with God, and is most likely to succeed, than by
contending with him in a judicial way. Jacob had power with God and prevailed,
but it was by weeping and supplication, see Hosea 12:4; so Mr.
Broughton reads the words,"my would crave pity of my Judge.'Some render
it, "my adversary"F16למשפטי
"in jus me vocanti", Cocceius; "ei qui mecum judicatur",
i.e. "parti meae adversae", Gussetius, p. 880. , the opposite party
in a court of judicature, whom he would not contest with, but supplicate, and
in the way make up matters with him. Job seems resolved to take such a method
Christ advises to in civil cases, Matthew 5:24.
Job 9:16 16 If I called and He
answered me, I would not believe that He was listening to my voice.
YLT
16Though I had called and He
answereth me, I do not believe that He giveth ear [to] my voice.
If I had called, and he had answered me,.... Mr.
Broughton reads the words, "if I cry, will he answer me?" as if Job
had some doubt upon his mind whether God would vouchsafe to answer him, though
he should make his supplication to him, as he proposed; seeing he had so sorely
afflicted him, and still continued his hand upon him; or the words may be
rendered, "though I have called, and he has answered"F17אם קראתי ויענני
"etiamsi clamavi et respondit mihi", Schmidt. , in times past. Job
was a praying person, he had often prayed to God in his closet, and in his
family, for himself, and for his children, and for his friends, and he had
found God to be a God hearing and answering prayer, but seems to question
whether he would answer him now, if he did pray to him:
yet would I not believe that
he had hearkened unto my voice, or "would hearken"F18כי יאזין "quod exauditurus
esset", Schmidt. , at this time, and under the present circumstances; or
should he, the mercy would be so great, that he could hardly believe it; so
sometimes through joy men cannot believe what they hear and see, as the
apostles, when Christ appeared to them after his resurrection; or as it was
with the Jews returned from Babylon, they were like them that dream, they could
scarcely tell whether their deliverance was a real fact, or whether they only
dreamed of it, see Luke 24:41; so Job
intimates, that should he pray to God, and be heard and delivered, it would be
so astonishing and transporting, that at first he should not be able to give
credit to it; or, however, he should not believe that it was for his prayers
and supplications, for any worth and value, virtue and efficacy, there was in
them, that he was heard; but it must be purely for his mercy's sake, for the
sake of the mediation of Christ, and because these prayers were the breathings
of his own spirit: or else the sense is, that though he had heard and answered
him formerly, when he prayed in a supplicating way, yet if he should contend
with him in a judicial way, and insist upon his own righteousness, and present
his supplication to God on that account, he could never expect to be heard;
and, indeed, he could not believe he should be heard on any account, so long as
his present sufferings lasted; which seems to be the sense of what follows,
where he gives his reasons for such belief, or rather unbelief.
Job 9:17 17 For He crushes me with a
tempest, And multiplies my wounds without cause.
YLT
17Because with a tempest He
bruiseth me, And hath multiplied my wounds for nought.
For he breaketh me with a tempest,.... Which rises
suddenly, comes powerfully, and carries all before it irresistibly; hereby
signifying the nature of his present sore afflictions, which came upon him at
once, pressed him down, and utterly destroyed him, against which there was no
standing: perhaps he may have some reference to the storm of wind that blew
down the house, by which his children were destroyed. Schultens renders it,
"a burning tempest"F19בשערה
"in turbine ardenti", Schultens. , such as is common in the eastern
countries, which ThevenotF20Travels, par. 2. B. 1. c. 12. p. 54. B.
3. c. 5. p. 135. often makes mention of; which kills a man at once, and his
flesh becomes as black as a coal, and comes off of his bones, and is plucked
off by the hand that would lift him up; with which a man is broken to pieces
indeed, to which Job may allude:
and multiplieth my wounds without cause; referring, it
may be, to the many boils and ulcers upon his body; though it may also respect
the multiplicity of ways in which he had wounded or afflicted him, in his
person, in his family, and in his substance, and which he says was done
"without cause"; not without a cause or reason in God, who does
nothing without one, though it may not be known to men; particularly in
afflicting men, it is not without cause or reason; it he punishes men, it is
for sin; if he rebukes and chastises his people, it is for their
transgressions; to bring them to a sense of them, to humble them for them, to
bring them off from them, or to prevent them, or purge them away, and to try
their graces, wean them from the world, and fit them for himself: but Job's
afflictions were without any such cause intimated by his friends; it was not
hypocrisy, nor any notorious sin or sins he had been guilty of, and secretly
lived and indulged himself in, as they imagined. Job here suggests his
innocence, which he always insisted upon, and refers his afflictions to the
sovereign will of God, and to some hidden cause in his own breast, unknown to
himself and others: however, so long as he dealt with him after this manner, he
could not believe his prayers were heard by him.
Job 9:18 18 He will not allow me to
catch my breath, But fills me with bitterness.
YLT
18He permitteth me not to
refresh my spirit, But filleth me with bitter things.
He will not suffer me to take my breath,.... Which
some think refers to Job's disease, which was either an asthma, or a quinsy in
his throat, which occasioned great difficulty in breathing: I should rather
think the allusion is to the hot burning winds in those countries before
mentioned, which sometimes blew so strongly as almost to take away a man's
breath; so the above travellerF21Travels. par. 1. B. 2. c. 34. p.
177. reports, that between Suez and Cairo (in Egypt) they had for a day's time
and more so hot a wind, that they were forced to turn their backs to it, to
take a little breath. The design of Job is to show, that his afflictions were
continued, and were without any intervals; they were repeated so fast, and came
so thick upon him, one after another, that he had no breathing time; the import
of the phrase is the same with that in Job 7:19,
but filleth me with bitterness; to the full, to satiety,
to loathing, as a man may be with a bitter potion, with wormwood drink, and
water of gall, with bitter afflictions comparable to such, whereby Job's life
was embittered to him, see Jeremiah 9:15.
Job 9:19 19 If it is a matter
of strength, indeed He is strong; And if of justice, who will appoint my
day in court?
YLT
19If of power, lo, the Strong
One; And if of judgment -- who doth convene me?
If I speak of strength, lo, he is strong,.... Or think
of it, or betake myself to that, and propose to carry my point by mere force,
as some men do by dint of power and authority they are possessed of; alas!
there is nothing to be done this way; I am a poor, weak, feeble creature in
body, mind, and estate; I am not able to contend with so powerful an antagonist
on any account, in any way: God is strong, he is the "most strong"F23אמיץ "robustissimus est", V. L. , as some render
it; he is mighty, is the Almighty; the weakness of God is stronger than men;
there is no disputing with God upon the foot of strength:
and if of judgment, who shall set me a time to plead? If I think
and propose to put things upon the foot of justice, to have the cause between
us issued in that way, I cannot expect to succeed by right, any more than by might;
he is so strictly just and holy, that no righteousness and holiness of, mine
can stand before him; he is God, and I a man, and therefore not fit to come
together in judgment; and he a pure and holy Being, just and true, and without
iniquity, and I a sinful polluted creature; and besides, there is none superior
to him, that I can appeal unto, none that can appoint a place, or fix a time,
for the hearing of the cause between us, or that can preside in judgment and
determine the matter in controversy; nay, there is not one among the creatures
that can be a daysman, an arbiter or umpire; yea not one that can be so much as
employed as council, that can take the cause in hand, and plead it, and be a
patron for me, and defender of me; so that, let me take what course I will, I
am sure to be nonsuited and worsted, see Jeremiah 49:19.
Job 9:20 20 Though I were righteous,
my own mouth would condemn me; Though I were blameless, it would prove
me perverse.
YLT
20If I be righteous, Mine
mouth doth declare me wicked, Perfect I am! -- it declareth me perverse.
If I justify myself,.... Seek for
justification by his own righteousness, trust in himself that he was righteous,
say that he was so, and pronounce himself a righteous man, what would it
signify?
mine own mouth shall condemn me; the words of it being
sinful, vain, idle, and frothy; and if a man is to be justified, and condemned
by his words, he may be sure of the latter: indeed, "if any man offend not
in word, the same is a perfect man", James 3:2; but let
a man be as careful as he can, and keep ever such a guard upon his lips, such
is the imperfection of human nature, that, though a Moses, he will speak
unadvisedly with his lips, at one time or another, and in many things will
offend; which would be his condemnation, if there was no other way to secure
from it; nay, for a sinful man to justify himself, or to say that he is a
righteous man by his own righteousness, and insist upon this before God, if he
is tried upon it he must be condemned; yea, saying he is so is a falsehood,
abominable to God, and enough to condemn him; and besides, a man that knows
himself, as Job did, must be conscious of much sin within him, however
externally righteous he may be before men; so that, should he say he was
righteous, his conscience would speak, or cause his mouth to speak and
contradict and condemn him:
if I say, I am
perfect; not in an evangelical sense, as he was; but in a legal sense, so
as to be free from sin, which no man that is perfect in a Gospel sense is; as
Noah, Jacob, David, and others, who were so, yet not without sin; if therefore
a man should assert this, he would not say that which was right, but what was
perverse, as might be proved:
it shall also prove me perverse; to be a wicked man;
either he, God, shall prove, or it, his mouth, as in the preceding clause; for
to say this is to tell a lie, which to do is perverseness, see 1 John 1:8.
Job 9:21 21 “I am blameless, yet I do
not know myself; I despise my life.
YLT
21Perfect I am! -- I know not
my soul, I despise my life.
Though I were
perfect,.... Really and truly so, not conscious of any sin in thought,
word, or deed; this is only a case supposed:
yet would I not know my soul; I would not
own myself to be so before God; I would not insist upon such perfection in his
presence, as what would justify me before him; since I am sensible the highest
perfection of a creature is imperfection when compared with him: or the sense
may be, should I say I were "perfect, I should not know my own soul";
I should plainly appear to be ignorant of myself, as all perfectionists are;
they do not know their own souls, the plague of their hearts, the evil of their
thoughts, the vanity of their minds; they do not take notice of these things, or
do not look upon them as sinful; they know not the nature of sin, and the
exceeding sinfulness of it:
I would despise my life; even if ever so
innocent, perfect, and just; his meaning is, that he would not insist upon the
continuance of it on that account; he had no such value for it, such a love of
life as to contend with God upon the foot of justice about it; nor did he think
it worth asking for, so mean an opinion had he entertained of it, see Job 7:16.
Job 9:22 22 It is all one thing;
Therefore I say, ‘He destroys the blameless and the wicked.’
YLT
22It is the same thing,
therefore I said, `The perfect and the wicked He is consuming.'
This is one thing,.... Or "one thing there
is"F24אחת היא
"unum est", Munster, Mercerus, Schmidt. in the world, as Jarchi adds;
or "one measure", as the Targum, to good and bad men; one event alike
to the righteous, and to the wicked, Ecclesiastes 9:2;
so that, as others render it, "it is all one"F25"Perinde
est", Cocceius. , whether a man righteous and perfect, or whether he is
not, he is equally liable to be afflicted and distressed: and "this is one
thing, very singular"F26"Singulare enimvero
id!", Schultens. , amazing and astonishing, and very unaccountable; but so
it is, and which he differed from his three friends about; as to the justice of
God, he agreed with them in that; yea, he believed he was righteous in whatever
he did, and even in this, which was so strange and surprising, though he could
not account for it: and "this is uniform", as Mr. Broughton
translates it; either God acts uniformly in what he does, treating all men
alike, good and bad men; or Job was uniform in his sentiments, he was all of a
piece, steady and constant, retaining the same sense of things, from which he
had not departed, nor could he depart:
therefore I said it; with the greatest
confidence and assurance, because he believed it, and would say it again,
seeing no reason at all to alter his judgment; the thing was quite clear to
him, of which he had, at least as he thought, unquestionable evidence; and the
thing he has respect to is as follows:
he destroyeth the perfect and the wicked; this is
thought by some to be a very bad expression, bordering on blasphemy, and
contrary to the nature and perfections of God, and to the methods of his
providence, Genesis 18:23; and
that Job speaks in the person of one destitute of the grace of God: but nothing
is more certain than that this was the real sentiment of his mind, his firm
belief, nor could he be persuaded to the contrary; indeed it may be understood
in a good sense: by a "perfect" man we are to understand a truly good
man, one that has received the grace of God in truth, and is perfectly
justified and pardoned through the blood and righteousness of Christ; and by a
"wicked" man one that is under the influence of his lusts, is
abandoned to them, and never easy but while he is serving them, which he is
continually doing. Now the destruction of these is not to be interpreted of
everlasting destruction; this indeed will be the case of wicked men, but not of
perfect and good men: God by his grace has made a difference between them in
this world, and so he will in the next; the one will go into everlasting
punishment, the other into everlasting life, and will never come together in
the same place or state; nor will the perfect man be destroyed at all in such
sense; the grace of God within him, and the righteousness of Christ upon him,
will eternally secure him from everlasting wrath and ruin: but it is meant of
temporal destruction; sometimes indeed a remarkable distinction is made between
the one and the other in a time of general calamity, as Noah, a perfect man,
was saved, when the world of the ungodly were destroyed by water, Genesis 7:23; and
Lot, a righteous man, when Sodom and Gomorrah were consumed by fire, Genesis 19:29; but
frequently they fall together in the same common distress; good and bad men,
among the Jews were alike carried captive into Babylon, signified by Jeremiah's
good and bad figs, Jeremiah 24:2; of
good men, Ezekiel, Daniel, Shadrach, Meshech, and Abednego, are instances;
though indeed it is on different accounts, and with different views, that the
one and the other are destroyed with a temporal destruction, in their persons,
their health, their families, or in their estates; such calamities upon good
men are not as punishments for their sins, as on the wicked; but as fatherly
chastisements, and for the trial of their graces, for their spiritual and
eternal good, and that they might not be condemned with the world. Job's view
in saying this is to observe, that a man's state God-ward is not to be judged
of by his outward circumstances, whether he is a good man or a bad man, since
they may both be in the same afflictions and distress, and which he opposes to
the sentiments and sayings of Eliphaz and Bildad, Job 4:7.
Job 9:23 23 If the scourge slays
suddenly, He laughs at the plight of the innocent.
YLT
23If a scourge doth put to
death suddenly, At the trial of the innocent He laugheth.
If the scourge slay suddenly,.... Not Satan, as Jarchi
and Bar Tzemach; but any sore calamity which surrounds a man, lashes, cuts, and
distresses him, as a whip or scourge; such as any of God's sore judgments, the
sword, famine, pestilence, or evil beasts, which sometimes come suddenly,
unawares, unthought of, and unexpected; and are sometimes only chastisements in
love, the scourgings of a father, though generally in wrath and hot
displeasure, and are an overflowing scourge, which carry all before them; and
therefore some restrain it to wicked men, as the Septuagint version; and some
understand it as if they were more mildly and gently dealt with, by being
suddenly and at once slain with such a scourge, in their persons, families, and
substance, while others have their afflictions protracted, and linger long
under them, as in the next clause:
he will laugh at the trial of the innocent; not that are
free from sin entirely; for there are none such, no, not newborn infants;
though they may be comparatively so, yet they are not in an absolute sense,
being conceived in sin and shapen in iniquity: besides, here it means adult
persons, good men, that are truly gracious, sincere, upright, harmless in their
lives and conversations, whose afflictions are "trials" of their
faith and patience, and other graces; and when God is said to "laugh"
at them, who seems to be designed here, this must be understood consistent with
his pity to his people, his sympathy with them under all their afflictions, he
not willingly afflicting or grieving the children of men; nor can it be thought
that he has them in derision and contempt, or laughs at their calamities, or in
reality, as he does at wicked men; but that he carries it so oftentimes, in the
dispensations of his providence, as if he made no difference between them, but
mocked at the one as well as the other; seemingly giving no heed to their
cries; not hastening to their help and deliverance, but lengthening out their
troubles for the trial of their graces; and so indeed is greatly delighted with
the exercise of them under them, and with seeing them bear them with so much
patience, courage, and greatness of mind and submission to his will. Some
interpret this of a wicked man laughing at the calamities of the righteous, as
the Ammonites and Edomites rejoiced at the destruction of the Jews; the
church's enemy at her fall, and as the Papists will at the witnesses being
slain; but the former sense seems best; rather the scourge itself laughs at the
trial of the innocent; so Schultens.
Job 9:24 24 The earth is given into
the hand of the wicked. He covers the faces of its judges. If it is not He,
who else could it be?
YLT
24Earth hath been given Into
the hand of the wicked one. The face of its judges he covereth, If not --
where, who [is] he?
The earth is given into the hands of the wicked,.... Either
the wicked one, Satan, as Jarchi and Bar Tzemach, who is the god of this world;
or some wicked tyrant, as Nimrod, or some other known by Job in his time, to
whom he may have respect; or wicked men in general, who for the most part have
the greatest share of the earth, and earthly things, and of power, dominion,
and authority in it; and this they have of God, the powers that be are ordained
by him, and therefore to be obeyed; and what any have of the earth, and the
fulness of it, they have it from him, whose it is, and who has a right to
dispose of it, and therefore being given by him, they have a proper right unto
it; but then it is only the things of this world which are given them; they
have their portion here, and that is their all; wherefore, as the giving of
these is no proof of a man's goodness, so the taking of them away is no evidence
of his wickedness; love or hatred are not to be known by these things; this is
Job's scope and drift in this and Job 9:23,
he covereth the face of the judges thereof; not Satan,
who blinds the minds of such, that they should not understand justice, and do
it, as the above Jewish writers interpret it; nor the wicked man that is
possessed of riches and wealth, power and authority, who by his substance
bribes the judges, and blinds their eyes, or by his power and authority awes
them, keeps them from executing true judgment, or discourages persons fit for
such an office, and will not advance them, but lets them lie in, and covers
them with, obscurity; or such who are honest and faithful, and are not to be
bribed and browbeaten, these he either removes from their post, and covers
their faces with shame, or takes them away by death, condemns and executes them
as malefactors; it being usual in former times, as well as in ours, to cover
the faces of such as are executed: but rather this is to be understood of God,
who delivers the earth into the hands of the wicked, suffers them to have the
rule over it, and permits such things to be done, as already observed; and
besides, gives up the judges of the earth to judicial blindness, so that they
cannot discern what is right and just, and do it, see Isaiah 29:10,
if not, where and who is he? if it is not
so as I say, where is the man, and who is he, that can disprove me, and make me
a liar? as Aben Ezra; let him come forth and appear, and confute me, and teach
me otherwise if he can; or name the place of his abode, and say who he is; or if
God does not do this, give the earth into the hands of wicked men, and cover
the faces of the judges of it, and suffer wicked men to prevail, and the causes
of good men to be subverted, the one to flourish, and the other to be crushed;
who does do it? where is the man that has done or can do it? certain it is,
that it is done; and who but that God that superintends all things, sits in the
heavens, and does whatsoever he pleases, can do such things as these? or could
they be done without his will and permission? by such mediums Job proves his
assertion, that God destroys the perfect and the wicked; and therefore, by the
face of things in providence, no judgment is to be had of a man's character,
good or bad, and then instances in himself in the following verses.
Job 9:25 25 “Now my days are swifter
than a runner; They flee away, they see no good.
YLT
25My days have been swifter
than a runner, They have fled, they have not seen good,
Now my days are swifter than a post,.... Or "than a
runner"F1מני־רץ "cursore",
Pagninus, Montanus, Junius & Tremellius, Piscator, &c. in a race, in
order to obtain the prize; or than one that rides post, or runs on foot to
carry a message, such as were Cushi and Ahimaaz; and such are generally swift
of foot, or ride on swift horses, who are so employed; and yet Job says his
days are swifter, or passed away more swiftly thorn such; meaning either his
days in general; or rather particularly his prosperous days, as Mr. Broughton
interprets it; these no sooner came but they were gone:
they flee away; like a shadow, or a dream, or a tale that
is told:
they see no good; or he saw, perceived, or enjoyed no good in
them; not but that he did see and enjoy much good, even much temporal good,
which is what is intended; but this was no sooner had than it was taken away,
that it was as if it had never been; the evil days of trouble and sorrow, in
which he had no pleasure, came so quick upon him.
Job 9:26 26 They pass by like swift
ships, Like an eagle swooping on its prey.
YLT
26They have passed on with
ships of reed, As an eagle darteth on food.
They are passed away as the swift ships,.... Those
that are lightest built, and run swiftest. Bar Tzemach thinks such vessels as
are rowed with oars are meant, which may be called "ships of will or
desire"F2אניות אבה
"navibus desiderii", Mercerus, Drusius, Schmidt; so Ben Gersom. , as
the words may be rendered, because they may be rowed at pleasure, and be
carried to any place where and when a man thinks fit; whereas those that are not
depend upon the wind, and that must be waited for; or they design such ships
that are so swift in their motion, that they arrive to the haven as soon as men
can well wish for and desire. Some render it "pirate ships", or
"ships of enmity"F3"Naves inimicitiarum, i.e.
"piraticae, vel hostiles"; as some in Drusius; so Broughton. ; such
as are designed for spoil and plunder, and which are light ones, not loaded
with goods, and therefore move swiftly: the Targum is,
"ships
burdened with precious fruits;'and the Vulgate Latin version is,"ships
carrying apples:'now ships loaded with such sort of goods, with perishing
commodities, are obliged to make their port as soon as possible. Some leave the
word untranslated, and call them "ships of Ebeh"F4"Navibus
Ebeh", Pagninus, Montanus, Vatablus, Bolducius, Codurcus. ; which,
according to Jarchi, Aben Ezra, and others, is either the name of a place, or
of a river in Arabia, which ran with a rapid stream, and in which ships were
carried with great celerity. Bolducius relates from a traveller of his
acquaintance, who finished his travels in 1584, that he saw such a river about
Damascus, not far from the sepulchre of Job; but that must be the river
Chrysorrhoas, now called Barrady; but there were two rivers of this name Ebeh;
one near Cufa, and another in Wasith, a country of Babylon, as Golius observesF5Lexic.
Arab. p. 2. . Others take the word to have the signification of reed or
papyrus, which grew on the banks of the Nile, and of which ships were made; see
Gill on Isaiah 18:1; and
render the words "ships of reeds" or "of papyrus"F6"Naves
arundinis", Michaelis, "navibus papyraceis", Schultens, Ikenius,
in ib. , and which, being light, were very swift:
as the eagle that hasteth to the prey; the eagle is
the swiftest of birds, and therefore persons and things exceeding swift are
compared unto them, see Habakkuk 1:8; and
it flies the most swiftly when being hungry, and in sight of its prey, and is
nearest to it, and flaps upon it, which is the thing referred to, and so may be
rendered, "that flies upon the prey"F7יטוש
על אכל "involans in
escam", Junius & Tremellius; "involat in escam", Piscator,
Schultens. . Job uses these metaphors, which are the most appropriate, to show
how fleeting his days of prosperity were, and how soon gone: and a climax may
be observed in the words; a runner, though he runs swiftly, a ship moves faster
than he, and an eagle, just about to seize its prey, flies swifter than that.
Job 9:27 27 If I say, ‘I will forget
my complaint, I will put off my sad face and wear a smile,’
YLT
27Though I say, `I forget my
talking, I forsake my corner, and I brighten up!'
If I say, I will forget my complaint,.... The cause
of it, the loss of his children, servants, substance, and health, and endeavour
to think no more of these things, and cease complaining about them, and attempt
to bury them in oblivion, and change his note:
I will leave off my heaviness; his melancholy thoughts,
words, airs, and looks; or "forsake my face"F8אעזבה פני "relinquam facies
meas", Montanus, Bolducius, Schmidt. , put on another countenance, a more
pleasent and cheerful one; the Jewish commentators generally interpret it,
"my anger", either at the dispensations of Providence, or at his friends:
and comfort myself; that things were not
worse with him than they were; or strengthenF9אבליגה
"confirmabo vel roborabo cor meum", Mercerus; so R. R. himself, as
the word is rendered in Amos 5:9; against
his fears, and troubles, and dejection of mind, determining to take heart, and
be of good courage, and not sink, and succumb, and faint under his burdens:
none but God, Father, Son, and Spirit, can give comfort to distressed ones,
whether on temporal or spiritual accounts; but good men may make use of means
for comfort, such as hearing the word, reading the Scriptures, prayer,
meditation, and conversation with good men.
Job 9:28 28 I am afraid of all my
sufferings; I know that You will not hold me innocent.
YLT
28I have been afraid of all
my griefs, I have known that Thou dost not acquit me.
I am afraid of all my sorrows,.... That they would
return upon him, and surround him, and overwhelm him, so that he should not be able
to stand up against them, or under them; that they would increase and continue
with him, and so he should never be released from them:
I know that thou wilt not hold me innocent: a sudden
apostrophe to God as near him; the meaning is not, that he was confident that
God would not justify him but condemn him in a spiritual sense; Job did not
despair of his everlasting salvation, he knew and believed in his living
Redeemer; he knew he should be acquitted and justified by his righteousness,
and not be condemned with the world; but he was certain of this, as he thought
that God would neither "cleanse"F11כי
לא תנקני "quod non
mundabis me", Montanus, Bolducius, Beza. him, as some render the word,
from the worms his flesh was clad with, and from the filthy boils and ulcers he
was covered with; nor clear him so as that he should appear to be innocent in
the sight and judgment of his friends; but go on to treat him as if he was a
guilty person, by continuing his afflictions on him, even unto death; he had no
hope of being freed from them, and so of being cleared from the imputation of
his friends, who judged of him by his outward circumstances.
Job 9:29 29 If
I am condemned, Why then do I labor in vain?
YLT
29I -- I am become wicked;
why [is] this? [In] vain I labour.
If I be wicked, why then
labour I in vain? If he was that wicked person, that hypocrite, Bildad and his
other friends took him to be, it was in vain for him to make his supplications
to God, as they advised him; so Gersom gives the sense of the words; since God
hears not sinners, such as live in sin, regard iniquity in their hearts, and
practise it in their lives, at least secretly, as it was suggested Job did; if
he was such an one, it must be all lost labour to pray to God to show favour to
him, and deliver him out of his troubles, since he might reasonably expect he
would shut his eyes and stop his ears at such a man, and regard not his cries;
seeking to him must be in vain; prayer may be fitly enough expressed by labour,
it is a striving and wrestling with God, and especially when it is constant,
importunate, and fervent: but rather the sense is, that if he was a wicked man
in the account of God, or was dealt with as one; if God would not hold him
innocent, as he asserts in the latter part of Job 9:28; then it
was a vain thing to labour the point in the vindication of himself; since he
could never think of succeeding against God, so wise and powerful, so holy,
just, and pure. The word "if" is not in the original text, and may be
left out, and the words be rendered, "I am wicked"F12אנכי ארשע "impius sum",
V. L. Pagninus; so Schmidt. ; not in any notorious manner, as having lived a
scandalous life, or been guilty of some gross enormities, as his friends
insinuated, but in common with other men; he was born a sinner, had been a transgressor
from the womb, and though he was renewed and sanctified by the spirit of God,
yet sin dwelt in him, and through the infirmity of the flesh he was daily
sinning in thought, word, or deed; nor did he expect it would be otherwise with
him while in this world; yea, it was impossible for him to be without sin, as
Bar Tzemach observes to be the sense of the phrase; and therefore if God would
not clear him, or hold him innocent, unless he was entirely free from sin, as
it was labouring in vain to attain to such perfection, so it must be to no
purpose, and is what he chiefly intends, to attempt to vindicate himself before
God: or "I shall be wicked", or "ungodly"F13"Ego
impius ero", Montanus, Mercerus, Bolducius; "ego reus ero",
Codurcus; "equidem improbus ero", Schultens. ; I shall be treated as
such not only by his friends, who would reckon him a very wicked man so long as
those afflictions continued on him, let him say what he would; but by the Lord
himself, who he believed would never release him from them as long as he lived,
which in the eye of men would be a tacit condemnation of him; so the
Targum,"I shall be condemned,'and therefore it was labour in vain,
striving against the stream, to go about to vindicate himself; nor was it
possible that he could make himself out so clear and pure and perfect, that
such an holy Being as God was could find no fault in him, in whose sight the
heavens, and the inhabitants of them, were not clean; this is further evinced
in the following words.
Job 9:30 30 If I wash myself with snow
water, And cleanse my hands with soap,
YLT
30If I have washed myself
with snow-water, And purified with soap my hands,
If I wash myself with snow water,.... As it came from
heaven, or flowed from the mountains covered with snow, as Lebanon, see Jeremiah 18:14; or
was kept in vessels for such use, as being judged the best for such a purpose;
so it was used by the ancientsF14"Discubuimus, pueris aquam
nivalem in manus infundentibus", Petronius in Satyr. , as being what
whitens the skin, and strengthens the parts by contracting the pores, and
hindering perspiration; it signifies, in a figurative sense, that let him take
what methods he would to cleanse himself from sin, they were all in vain, his
iniquity would be seen, and remain marked before God; and indeed there is
nothing that a man can do that will make him pure and clean in the sight of an
holy God; this is not to be done by ceremonial ablutions, such as might be in
use in Job's time, before the law of Moses was given, and to which he may have
some reference; these only sanctified to the purifying of the flesh, or only
externally, but could not purify the heart, so as to have no more conscience of
sin; nor by moral duties, not by repentance, as Sephorno; a fountain, a flood,
an ocean of tears of humiliation and repentance, would not wash away sin; if,
instead of ten thousand rivers of oil, so many rivers of brinish tears could be
produced, they would be of no avail to cleanse the sinner; nor any works of
righteousness done by man, for these themselves need washing in the blood of
the Lamb; for nothing short of the blood of Christ, and the grace of God, can
do it:
and make my hands never so clean; the hands are what men
work with, Ecclesiastes 9:10;
and so may design good works, which are sometimes called clean hands; see Psalm 24:4;
compared with Psalm 15:1; and may
be said to be so when they are done well, from a pare heart, and faith
unfeigned, without selfish and sordid views, with a single eye to the glory of
God; which is doing them as well, and making the hands as clean, as well can
be; yet these are of no avail with respect to justification before God, and acceptance
with him, or with regard to salvation, which is all of grace, and not of works,
be they what they will; some render the words, "and cleanse my hands with
soap"F15בבר Smegmate, Codurcus,
Junius & Tremellius, Piscator, Schmidt; so the Targum, and Mr. Broughton. ,
which cleanses them best of anything, see Jeremiah 2:22.
Job 9:31 31 Yet You will plunge me
into the pit, And my own clothes will abhor me.
YLT
31Then in corruption Thou
dost dip me, And my garments have abominated me.
Yet shall thou plunge me
in the ditch,.... In the filthy ditch of sin, the pit wherein is no water, the
horrible pit, the mire and clay, in which all unregenerate men are, and to
which hypocrites return, as the swine to its wallowing in the mire; and in
which impurity self-righteous persons are, and are sooner or later made to
appear, notwithstanding all their outward righteousness, holiness, purity, and
perfection they boast of; and though Job was neither of these, not an
unregenerate man, nor an hypocrite, nor a self-righteous person; yet he knew
that, in comparison of the perfect purity and holiness of God, he should appear
exceedingly impure; and that God would treat him as such, and hold him out to
the view of others as the filth of the world, and the offscouring of all
things, by continuing his afflictions, from whence it would be concluded that
he was the most impure person; and indeed by the ditch may be meant the ditch
of afflictions, as Sephorno, either his present ones continued, his filthy
ulcers and scabs, with which his body was covered all over, or new afflictions
he would bring him into, where he would sink in deep mire, there being no
standing, Psalm 69:2; some
understand this of the grave, the ditch or pit of corruption, into which he
should be cast, and there putrefy and rot: but the other senses seem best:
and mine own clothes shall abhor me; not his clothes in a
literal sense; either while living, his filthy ulcers being such, that were his
clothes sensible of them, they would loathe and abhor to touch him, and cover
him; or when dead, his sepulchre garments, his shroud, or winding sheet, would
disdain to cover such a filthy body, overspread with worms and dust; or as
Vatablus paraphrases it, clothes do not become a dead body; or as Mr.
Broughton,"when I go naked to the grave, as though my clothes loathed
me:'but the words are rather to be understood figuratively, either of some of
his friends that were as near and as close to him as his clothes, or had been,
but now were estranged from him, and loathed and abhorred him, see Job 19:13; or
better, of his best works of righteousness, which he put on as a robe, Job 29:14; and
which are a covering to the saints before men, and are ornamental to them,
though not justifying in the sight of God; and indeed in themselves, and
compared with the holy law, and holy nature of God, are imperfect and impure;
and if God was to enter into judgment with men, they would be so far from
justifying them in his sight, or rendering them acceptable to him, that they
would cause them to be abhorred by him, as all self-righteousness and
self-righteous persons are, see Proverbs 21:27;
yea, even the best works of men are but dung in the judgment of a good man
himself, what then must they be in the account of God? Philemon 3:8; Job
here, and in Job 9:30, has most
exalted ideas of the purity, holiness, and majesty of God, so that no creature,
nor creature holiness, be they ever so perfect, can stand before him, or be
pure in his sight.
Job 9:32 32 “For He is not a
man, as I am, That I may answer Him, And that we should go to
court together.
YLT
32But if a man like myself --
I answer him, We come together into judgment.
For he is not a
man, as I am,.... For though the parts and members of an human body are
sometimes ascribed to him, yet these are to be understood by an anthropopathy,
speaking after the manner of men, there being something in him, which in a
figurative sense answers to these; otherwise we are not to conceive of any
corporeal shape in him, or that there is any likeness to which he is to be
compared: he is a spirit infinite, immortal, immense, invisible, pure and holy,
just and true, and without iniquity; whereas Job was but a man, a finite,
feeble, mortal creature, and a sinful one; and therefore there being such a
vast disparity between them, it was in vain to litigate a point with him, to
plead his cause before him, or attempt to vindicate his innocence; the
potsherds may strive and contend with the potsherds of the earth their equals,
but not with God their Creator, who is more than a match for them; he sees
impurity where man sees it not, and can bring a charge against him, and support
it, where he thought there was none, and therefore it is a vain thing to enter
the lists with him:
that I should
answer him; not to questions put by him, but in a judicial way to charges
and accusations he should exhibit; no man in this sense can answer him, for one
of a thousand he may bring, and men are chargeable with; wherefore Job once and
again determines he would not pretend to answer him, as he knew he could not,
see Job 9:3,
and we should come together
in judgment; in any court of judicature, before any judge, to have the cause
between us heard, and tried, and determined; for in what court of judicature
can he be convened into? or what judge is there above him, before whom he can
be summoned? or is capable of judging and determining the cause between us?
there is the high court of heaven, where we must all appear, and the judgment
seat of Christ, before which we must all stand; and God is the judge of all, to
whom we must come, and by whose sentence we must be determined; but there is no
court, no judge, no judgment superior to him and his; there is no annulling his
sentence, or making an appeal from him to another; there is no coming together
at all, and much less "alike"F16יחדו
"pariter", Junius & Tremellius, Drusius. , as some render it, or
upon equal terms; the difference between him and his creatures being so vastly
great.
Job 9:33 33 Nor is there any mediator
between us, Who may lay his hand on us both.
YLT
33If there were between us an
umpire, He doth place his hand on us both.
Neither is there any
daysman betwixt us,.... Or "one that reproves"F17מוכיח "arguens", Montanus, Bolducius, Drusius;
"redarguens", Vatablus, Mercerus. ; who upon hearing a cause reproves
him that is found guilty, or is blameworthy, or has done injury to another; but
there is no such person to be found, among angels or men, capable of this,
supposing, as if Job should say, I should appear to be the injured person; or
there is no "umpire" or "arbitrator"F18"Arbiter",
Junius & Tremellius, Piscator, Cocceius, Schultens. , to whom the case
between us can be referred; for, as Bar Tzemach observes, he that stands in
such a character between two parties must be both more wise and more mighty
than they; but there is none among all beings wiser and mightier than God:
that might lay his
hand upon us both; and restrain them from using any violence to one another, as
contending persons are apt to do; and compromise matters, settle and adjust
things in difference between them, so as to do justice to both, and make both
parties easy, and make peace between them. HerodotusF19Thalia, sive,
l. 3. c. 8. makes mention of a custom among the Arabians,"when they enter
into covenants and agreements with each other, another man stands in the midst
of them both, and with a sharp stone cuts the inside of the hands of the
covenanters near the larger fingers; and then takes a piece out of each of
their garments, and anoints with the blood seven stones that lie between them;
and while he is doing this calls upon a deity, and when finished the covenant
maker goes with his friends to an host or citizen, if the affair is transacted
with a citizen; and the friends reckon it a righteous thing to keep the
covenant.'To which, or some such custom, Job may be thought to allude. Now,
whereas Christ is the daysman, umpire and mediator between God and men, who has
interposed between them, and has undertaken to manage affairs relating to both;
in things pertaining to God, the glory of his justice, and the honour of his
law, and to made reconciliation for the sins of men, and to make peace for them
with God by the blood of his cross; which he has completely done, being every
way qualified for it, inasmuch as he partakes of both natures, and is God and
man in one person, and so could put his hand on both, and make both one; or
bring them who were at variance to an entire agreement with each other, upon
such a bottom, as even the strict justice of God cannot object unto. Now, I
say, Job must not be understood as if he was ignorant of this, for he had
knowledge of Christ as a Redeemer and Saviour, and so as the Mediator and
Peacemaker; the Septuagint version renders it as a wish, "O that there was
a mediator between us!" and so it may be considered as a prayer for
Christ's incarnation, and that he would appear and do the work of a mediator he
was appointed to, which Job plainly saw there was great need of; or, as othersF20So
some in Caryll. , "there is no daysman yet"; there will be one, but
as yet he is not come; in due time he will, which Job had faith in and full
assurance of: but there is no need of such versions and glosses: Job is here
not speaking of the affair of salvation, about which he had no doubt, he knew
his state was safe, and he had an interest in the living Redeemer and blessed
Mediator; but of the present dispensation of Providence, and of the clearing of
that up to the satisfaction of his friends, so that he might appear to be an
innocent person; and since God did not think fit to change the scene, there was
none to interpose on his behalf, and it was in vain for him to contend with
God.
Job 9:34 34 Let Him take His rod away
from me, And do not let dread of Him terrify me.
YLT
34He doth turn aside from off
me his rod, And His terror doth not make me afraid,
Let him take his rod away
from me,.... Not his government over him, of which the rod or sceptre is
an ensign, Job did not want to be freed from that; but, his rod of affliction,
or stroke, as the Targum, the stroke of his hand, which, though a fatherly
chastisement, lay heavy upon him, and depressed his spirits; so that he could
not, while it was on him, reason so freely about things as he thought he could
if it was removed, and for which he here prays:
and let not his fear terrify me; not the fear of him as a
father, which is not terrifying, but the fear of him as a judge; the terror of
his majesty, the dread of his wrath and vengeance, the fearful apprehensions he
had of him as a God of strict justice; that would by no means clear the guilty,
yea, would not hold him innocent, though he was with respect to the charge of
his friends; being now without those views of him as a God gracious and
merciful; to these words Elihu seeks to have respect, Job 33:6.
Job 9:35 35 Then
I would speak and not fear Him, But it is not so with me.
YLT
35I speak, and do not fear
Him, But I am not right with myself.
Then would I speak,
and not fear him,.... With a servile fear, though with reverence and godly fear;
meaning either at the throne of grace, having liberty of access, boldness of
spirit, and freedom of speech through Christ the Mediator, and in the view of
his blood, righteousness, and sacrifice; for when the rod of his law and the
terror of his justice are removed, and his grace and favour in Christ shown, a
believer can speak boldly and freely to God, and not be afraid before him: but
rather Job's sense is, that were the rod of his anger taken off and the dread
of his majesty, which so awed him that he could not tell his case as it was,
and use the arguments he might to advantage; he should speak without fear, and
so as to defend himself, and make his cause to appear to be just; to this the
Lord seems to refer in Job 38:3; being
bold and daring expressions, which Job blushed when made sensible of it, Job 42:5,
but it is not so with me; there was no daysman
between the Lord and him; the rod was not taken off his back, nor the dread and
terror of the Almighty removed from him; and so could not speak in his own
defence, as otherwise he might: or it was not so with him as his friends
thought of him; he was not the wicked hypocritical man they took him to be, or
as the afflictive dispensations of God made him to appear to be, according to
their judgment of them: or the words may be rendered, "I am not so with
myself"F21לא כן
אנכי עמדי "non sic ego
apud me", Pagninus, Montanus, Beza, Vatablus, Mercerus, Schmidt,
Schultens. ; that is, he was not conscious to himself that he was such a person
they judged him; or such were the troubles and afflictions that were upon him,
that he was not himself, he was not "compos mentis", and so not
capable on that account, as well as others, of pleading his own cause: or
"I am not right in" or "with myself"F23"Quia
non probus ego apud me", Bolducius; "quod non sim rectus apud
me", Cocceius. ; not in his right mind, being distracted with the terrors
of God, and the arrows of the Almighty that stuck in him; or he was not
righteous in himself; for though he was clear of hypocrisy he was charged with,
he did not pretend to be without sin, or to have such a righteousness as would
justify him before God; and therefore desires things might be put upon the foot
of grace, and not of strict justice.
──《John Gill’s
Exposition of the Bible》
New King James
Version (NKJV)